utility.h

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/******************************************************************************
The MIT License(MIT)
 
Embedded Template Library.
https://github.com/ETLCPP/etl
https://www.etlcpp.com
 
Copyright(c) 2016 John Wellbelove
 
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files(the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and / or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions :
 
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
******************************************************************************/
 
#ifndef ETL_UTILITY_INCLUDED
#define ETL_UTILITY_INCLUDED
 
#include "platform.h"
#include "type_traits.h"
 
#include "private/tuple_element.h"
#include "private/tuple_size.h"
 
#if defined(ETL_IN_UNIT_TEST) || ETL_USING_STL
  #if ETL_USING_CPP11
    #include <utility>
  #else
    #include <algorithm>
  #endif
#endif

 
namespace etl
{
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //******************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  constexpr typename etl::remove_reference<T>::type&& move(T&& t) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return static_cast<typename etl::remove_reference<T>::type&&>(t);
  }
 
  //******************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  constexpr T&& forward(typename etl::remove_reference<T>::type& t) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return static_cast<T&&>(t);
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  constexpr T&& forward(typename etl::remove_reference<T>::type&& t) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(!etl::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, "Invalid rvalue to lvalue conversion");
    return static_cast<T&&>(t);
  }
 
  //******************************************************************************
  //******************************************************************************
  //***********************************
  //***********************************
  template <typename T, typename U>
  ETL_NODISCARD
  ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::enable_if_t<etl::is_const<etl::remove_reference_t<T>>::value && etl::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value,
                             const etl::remove_reference_t<U>&> forward_like(U&& u) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return static_cast<const etl::remove_reference_t<U>&>(u);
  }
 
  //***********************************
  //***********************************
  template <typename T, typename U>
  ETL_NODISCARD
  ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::enable_if_t<etl::is_const<etl::remove_reference_t<T>>::value && !etl::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value,
                             const etl::remove_reference_t<U>&&> forward_like(U&& u) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return static_cast<const etl::remove_reference_t<U>&&>(u);
  }
 
  //***********************************
  //***********************************
  template <typename T, typename U>
  ETL_NODISCARD
  ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::enable_if_t<!etl::is_const<etl::remove_reference_t<T>>::value && etl::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, etl::remove_reference_t<U>&>
    forward_like(U&& u) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return static_cast<etl::remove_reference_t<U>&>(u);
  }
 
  //***********************************
  //***********************************
  template <typename T, typename U>
  ETL_NODISCARD
  ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::enable_if_t<!etl::is_const<etl::remove_reference_t<T>>::value && !etl::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, etl::remove_reference_t<U>&&>
    forward_like(U&& u) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return static_cast<etl::remove_reference_t<U>&&>(u);
  }
 
  //***********************************
  // Defines the type that forward_like would cast to.
  //***********************************
  template <typename T, typename U>
  using forward_like_t = decltype(etl::forward_like<T>(etl::declval<U&>()));
#endif
 
  //***********************************
  // Gets the underlying type of an enum.
  //***********************************
  template <typename T>
  ETL_CONSTEXPR typename underlying_type<T>::type to_underlying(T value) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return static_cast<typename underlying_type<T>::type>(value);
  }
 
  // We can't have std::swap and etl::swap templates coexisting in the unit
  // tests as the compiler will be unable to decide which one to use, due to
  // ADL.
#if ETL_NOT_USING_STL && !defined(ETL_IN_UNIT_TEST)
  //***************************************************************************
  // swap
  template <typename T>
  ETL_CONSTEXPR14 void swap(T& a, T& b) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    T temp(ETL_MOVE(a));
    a = ETL_MOVE(b);
    b = ETL_MOVE(temp);
  }
 
  template < class T, size_t Size >
  ETL_CONSTEXPR14 void swap(T (&a)[Size], T (&b)[Size]) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    for (size_t i = 0UL; i < Size; ++i)
    {
      swap(a[i], b[i]);
    }
  }
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct pair
  {
    typedef T1 first_type;  
    typedef T2 second_type; 
 
    T1 first;  
    T2 second; 
 
    //***************************************************************************
    //***************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR pair()
      : first(T1())
      , second(T2())
    {
    }
 
    //***************************************************************************
    //***************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR14 pair(const T1& a, const T2& b)
      : first(a)
      , second(b)
    {
    }
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //***************************************************************************
    //***************************************************************************
    template <typename U1, typename U2>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR14 pair(U1&& a, U2&& b)
      : first(etl::forward<U1>(a))
      , second(etl::forward<U2>(b))
    {
    }
#endif
 
    //***************************************************************************
    //***************************************************************************
    template <typename U1, typename U2>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR14 pair(const pair<U1, U2>& other)
      : first(other.first)
      , second(other.second)
    {
    }

    pair(const pair<T1, T2>& other)
      : first(other.first)
      , second(other.second)
    {
    }
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    template <typename U1, typename U2>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR14 pair(pair<U1, U2>&& other)
      : first(etl::forward<U1>(other.first))
      , second(etl::forward<U2>(other.second))
    {
    }
#endif
 
#if defined(ETL_IN_UNIT_TEST) || ETL_USING_STL
    template <typename U1, typename U2>
    operator std::pair<U1, U2>()
    {
      return std::make_pair(first, second);
    }

    template <typename U1, typename U2>
    pair(const std::pair<U1, U2>& other)
      : first(other.first)
      , second(other.second)
    {
    }
 
  #if ETL_USING_CPP11
    template <typename U1, typename U2>
    pair(std::pair<U1, U2>&& other)
      : first(etl::forward<U1>(other.first))
      , second(etl::forward<U2>(other.second))
    {
    }
  #endif
#endif
 
    void swap(pair<T1, T2>& other)
    {
      using ETL_OR_STD::swap;
 
      swap(first, other.first);
      swap(second, other.second);
    }
 
    pair<T1, T2>& operator=(const pair<T1, T2>& other)
    {
      first  = other.first;
      second = other.second;
 
      return *this;
    }
 
    template <typename U1, typename U2>
    pair<U1, U2>& operator=(const pair<U1, U2>& other)
    {
      first  = other.first;
      second = other.second;
 
      return *this;
    }
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    pair<T1, T2>& operator=(pair<T1, T2>&& other)
    {
      first  = etl::forward<T1>(other.first);
      second = etl::forward<T2>(other.second);
 
      return *this;
    }
 
    template <typename U1, typename U2>
    pair<U1, U2>& operator=(pair<U1, U2>&& other)
    {
      first  = etl::forward<U1>(other.first);
      second = etl::forward<U2>(other.second);
 
      return *this;
    }
#endif
  };
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline pair<T1, T2> make_pair(T1&& a, T2&& b)
  {
    return pair<T1, T2>(etl::forward<T1>(a), etl::forward<T2>(b));
  }
#else
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline pair<T1, T2> make_pair(T1 a, T2 b)
  {
    return pair<T1, T2>(a, b);
  }
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //******************************************************************************
  template <size_t Index, typename T1, typename T2>
  struct tuple_element<Index, ETL_OR_STD::pair<T1, T2> >
  {
    ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(Index < 2U, "pair has only 2 elements");
  };
 
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct tuple_element<0U, ETL_OR_STD::pair<T1, T2> >
  {
    typedef T1 type;
  };
 
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct tuple_element<1U, ETL_OR_STD::pair<T1, T2> >
  {
    typedef T2 type;
  };
 
  //******************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct tuple_size<ETL_OR_STD::pair<T1, T2>> : public etl::integral_constant<size_t, 2U>
  {
  };
#endif
 
  //******************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline void swap(pair<T1, T2>& a, pair<T1, T2>& b)
  {
    a.swap(b);
  }

  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline bool operator==(const pair<T1, T2>& a, const pair<T1, T2>& b)
  {
#include "private/diagnostic_float_equal_push.h"
    return (a.first == b.first) && !(a.second < b.second) && !(a.second > b.second);
#include "private/diagnostic_pop.h"
  }

  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline bool operator!=(const pair<T1, T2>& a, const pair<T1, T2>& b)
  {
    return !(a == b);
  }
 
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline bool operator<(const pair<T1, T2>& a, const pair<T1, T2>& b)
  {
    return (a.first < b.first) || (!(b.first < a.first) && (a.second < b.second));
  }

  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline bool operator>(const pair<T1, T2>& a, const pair<T1, T2>& b)
  {
    return (b < a);
  }

  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline bool operator<=(const pair<T1, T2>& a, const pair<T1, T2>& b)
  {
    return !(b < a);
  }

  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline bool operator>=(const pair<T1, T2>& a, const pair<T1, T2>& b)
  {
    return !(a < b);
  }
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename TPair>
  struct select1st
  {
    typedef typename TPair::first_type type; 
 
    //***************************************************************************
    //***************************************************************************
    type& operator()(TPair& p) const
    {
      return p.first;
    }
 
    //***************************************************************************
    //
    const type& operator()(const TPair& p) const
    {
      return p.first;
    }
  };
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename TPair>
  struct select2nd
  {
    typedef typename TPair::second_type type; 
 
    //***************************************************************************
    //***************************************************************************
    type& operator()(TPair& p) const
    {
      return p.second;
    }
 
    //***************************************************************************
    //***************************************************************************
    const type& operator()(const TPair& p) const
    {
      return p.second;
    }
  };
 
#if ETL_NOT_USING_STL || ETL_CPP14_NOT_SUPPORTED
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  T exchange(T& object, const T& new_value)
  {
    T old_value = object;
    object      = new_value;
    return old_value;
  }
 
  template <typename T, typename U>
  T exchange(T& object, const U& new_value)
  {
    T old_value = object;
    object      = new_value;
    return old_value;
  }
#else
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, typename U = T>
  T exchange(T& object, const U& new_value)
  {
    return std::exchange(object, new_value);
  }
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  typename etl::add_const<T>::type& as_const(T& t)
  {
    return t;
  }
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T, T... Integers>
  class integer_sequence
  {
  public:
 
    ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(etl::is_integral<T>::value, "Integral types only");
 
    typedef T value_type;
 
    static ETL_CONSTEXPR size_t size() ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return sizeof...(Integers);
    }
  };
 
  namespace private_integer_sequence
  {
    template <size_t Count, typename IndexSeq>
    struct make_index_sequence;
 
    template <size_t Count, size_t... Indices>
    struct make_index_sequence<Count, etl::integer_sequence<size_t, Indices...>>
    {
      using type = typename make_index_sequence< Count - 1, etl::integer_sequence<size_t, Count - 1, Indices...>>::type;
    };
 
    template <size_t... Indices>
    struct make_index_sequence<0, etl::integer_sequence<size_t, Indices...>>
    {
      using type = etl::integer_sequence<size_t, Indices...>;
    };
 
    template <size_t Offset, typename IndexSeq>
    struct offset_index_sequence;
 
    template <size_t Offset, size_t... Indices>
    struct offset_index_sequence<Offset, etl::integer_sequence<size_t, Indices...>>
    {
      using type = etl::integer_sequence<size_t, (Offset + Indices)...>;
    };
  } // namespace private_integer_sequence
 
  //***********************************
  //***********************************
  template <size_t Count>
  using make_index_sequence = typename private_integer_sequence::make_index_sequence< Count, etl::integer_sequence<size_t>>::type;
 
  //***********************************
  //***********************************
  template <size_t Offset, size_t Count>
  using make_index_sequence_with_offset = typename private_integer_sequence::offset_index_sequence< Offset, etl::make_index_sequence<Count>>::type;
 
  //***********************************
  // Helper to support both parameter packs and etl::type_list<T...>
  // Forward declare etl::type_list to allow use without including type_list.h
  template <typename... TTypes>
  struct type_list;
 
  namespace private_make_index_sequence_for
  {
    // Generic pack form
    template <typename... TTypes>
    struct impl
    {
      using type = typename private_integer_sequence::make_index_sequence< sizeof...(TTypes), etl::integer_sequence<size_t>>::type;
    };
 
    // etl::type_list form
    template <typename... TTypes>
    struct impl<etl::type_list<TTypes...>> : impl<TTypes...>
    {
    };
  } // namespace private_make_index_sequence_for
 
  //***********************************
  //***********************************
  template <typename... TTypes>
  using make_index_sequence_for = typename private_make_index_sequence_for::impl<TTypes...>::type;
 
  //***********************************
  //***********************************
  template <size_t... Indices>
  using index_sequence = etl::integer_sequence<size_t, Indices...>;
 
  //************************************
  //************************************
  template <typename... TTypes>
  using index_sequence_for = typename etl::make_index_sequence_for<TTypes...>;
 
  //************************************
  //************************************
  template <typename TIndexSequence1, typename TIndexSequence2>
  struct index_sequence_cat;
 
  template <size_t... Indices1, size_t... Indices2>
  struct index_sequence_cat<etl::index_sequence<Indices1...>, etl::index_sequence<Indices2...>>
  {
    using type = etl::index_sequence<Indices1..., Indices2...>;
  };
 
  template <typename TIndexSequence1, typename TIndexSequence2>
  using index_sequence_cat_t = typename index_sequence_cat<TIndexSequence1, TIndexSequence2>::type;
 
  //************************************
  //************************************
  template <typename TIndexSequence, size_t Index>
  struct index_sequence_push_front;
 
  template <size_t... Indices, size_t Index>
  struct index_sequence_push_front<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>, Index>
  {
    // Adds the new index to the front of the sequence.
    using type = etl::index_sequence<Index, Indices...>;
  };
 
  template <typename TIndexSequence, size_t Index>
  using index_sequence_push_front_t = typename index_sequence_push_front<TIndexSequence, Index>::type;
 
  //************************************
  //************************************
  template <typename TIndexSequence>
  struct index_sequence_pop_front;
 
  template <>
  struct index_sequence_pop_front<etl::index_sequence<>>
  {
    using type = etl::index_sequence<>;
  };
 
  template <size_t Index, size_t... Indices>
  struct index_sequence_pop_front<etl::index_sequence<Index, Indices...>>
  {
    // Removes the front index by declaring the type to be the tail of the
    // sequence.
    using type = etl::index_sequence<Indices...>;
  };
 
  template <typename TIndexSequence>
  using index_sequence_pop_front_t = typename index_sequence_pop_front<TIndexSequence>::type;
 
  //************************************
  //************************************
  template <typename TIndexSequence, size_t Index>
  struct index_sequence_push_back;
 
  template <size_t... Indices, size_t Index>
  struct index_sequence_push_back<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>, Index>
  {
    // Adds the new index to the back of the sequence by concatenating the new
    // index with the sequence.
    using type = etl::index_sequence<Indices..., Index>;
  };
 
  template <typename TIndexSequence, size_t Index>
  using index_sequence_push_back_t = typename index_sequence_push_back<TIndexSequence, Index>::type;
 
  //************************************
  //************************************
  template <typename TIndexSequence>
  struct index_sequence_pop_back;
 
  // Pop back of and empty sequence is an empty sequence.
  template <>
  struct index_sequence_pop_back<etl::index_sequence<>>
  {
    using type = etl::index_sequence<>;
  };
 
  // Pop back of a single element sequence is an empty sequence.
  // The single element is never added to the result, so is effectively removed.
  // This is the terminating specialisation for the general case.
  template <size_t Index>
  struct index_sequence_pop_back<etl::index_sequence<Index>>
  {
    using type = etl::index_sequence<>;
  };
 
  // Multi element sequence. Pop back is the front element concatenated with the
  // pop back of the tail.
  template <size_t Index, size_t... Indices>
  struct index_sequence_pop_back<etl::index_sequence<Index, Indices...>>
  {
    // Removes the last index by concatenating the front index with the pop back
    // of the tail. The last index is never added to the result, so is
    // effectively removed.
    using type = etl::index_sequence_cat_t< etl::index_sequence<Index>, typename index_sequence_pop_back<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>>::type>;
  };
 
  template <typename TIndexSequence>
  using index_sequence_pop_back_t = typename index_sequence_pop_back<TIndexSequence>::type;
 
  //************************************
  //************************************
  template <typename TIndexSequence, size_t Nth>
  struct index_sequence_at;
 
  template <size_t Nth>
  struct index_sequence_at<etl::index_sequence<>, Nth>
  {
    template <size_t>
    struct dependent_false : etl::false_type
    {
    };
 
    static_assert(dependent_false<Nth>::value, "Nth out of range for index_sequence_at");
  };
 
  // When Nth is 0, the index at the Nth position is the front index of the
  // sequence.
  template <size_t Index, size_t... Indices>
  struct index_sequence_at<etl::index_sequence<Index, Indices...>, 0>
  {
    static constexpr size_t value = Index;
  };
 
  // When Nth is greater than 0, recurse with the tail of the sequence and Nth
  // - 1.
  template <size_t Index, size_t... Indices, size_t Nth>
  struct index_sequence_at<etl::index_sequence<Index, Indices...>, Nth>
  {
    static_assert(Nth < sizeof...(Indices) + 1U, "Nth out of range for index_sequence_at");
 
    static constexpr size_t value = index_sequence_at<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>, Nth - 1U>::value;
  };
 
  #if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename TIndexSequence, size_t Nth>
  inline constexpr size_t index_sequence_at_v = index_sequence_at<TIndexSequence, Nth>::value;
  #endif
 
  //************************************
  //************************************
  template <typename TIndexSequence, size_t Value>
  struct index_sequence_contains;
 
  // An empty sequence does not contain any value.
  template <size_t Value>
  struct index_sequence_contains<etl::index_sequence<>, Value> : etl::false_type
  {
  };
 
  // When the front index of the sequence is the value, the sequence contains
  // the value. When the front index of the sequence is not the value, recurse
  // with the tail of the sequence.
  template <size_t Index, size_t... Indices, size_t Value>
  struct index_sequence_contains<etl::index_sequence<Index, Indices...>, Value>
    : etl::integral_constant< bool, (Index == Value) || index_sequence_contains<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>, Value>::value>
  {
  };
 
  #if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename TIndexSequence, size_t Value>
  inline constexpr bool index_sequence_contains_v = index_sequence_contains<TIndexSequence, Value>::value;
  #endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  namespace private_index_sequence
  {
    template <typename TIndexSequence, typename TUniqueIndices>
    struct type_index_sequence_impl;
 
    // When the front index of the sequence is not in the unique sequence, add
    // it to the back of the unique sequence and recurse with the tail of the
    // sequence.
    template <size_t Index, size_t... Indices, size_t... UniqueIndices>
    struct type_index_sequence_impl<etl::index_sequence<Index, Indices...>, etl::index_sequence<UniqueIndices...>>
    {
      // If the index is already in the unique sequence, do not add it again.
      // Otherwise, add it to the back of the unique sequence.
      using type =
        typename etl::conditional_t< etl::index_sequence_contains<etl::index_sequence<UniqueIndices...>, Index>::value,
                                     type_index_sequence_impl<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>, etl::index_sequence<UniqueIndices...>>,
                                     type_index_sequence_impl< etl::index_sequence<Indices...>,
                                                               etl::index_sequence_push_back_t<etl::index_sequence<UniqueIndices...>, Index>>>::type;
    };
 
    // When the sequence is empty, the unique sequence is the result.
    template <size_t... UniqueIndices>
    struct type_index_sequence_impl<etl::index_sequence<>, etl::index_sequence<UniqueIndices...>>
    {
      using type = etl::index_sequence<UniqueIndices...>;
    };
  } // namespace private_index_sequence
 
  template <typename T>
  struct index_sequence_unique;
 
  template <size_t... Indices>
  struct index_sequence_unique<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>>
  {
    using type = typename private_index_sequence::type_index_sequence_impl< etl::index_sequence<Indices...>, etl::index_sequence<>>::type;
  };
 
  #if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename TIndexSequence>
  using index_sequence_unique_t = typename etl::index_sequence_unique<TIndexSequence>::type;
  #endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct index_sequence_is_unique;
 
  template <size_t... Indices>
  struct index_sequence_is_unique<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>>
    : etl::bool_constant< etl::is_same< etl::index_sequence<Indices...>, etl::index_sequence_unique_t<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>>>::value>
  {
  };
 
  #if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename TIndexSequence>
  inline constexpr bool index_sequence_is_unique_v = index_sequence_is_unique<TIndexSequence>::type::value;
  #endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct index_sequence_is_empty;
 
  template <>
  struct index_sequence_is_empty<etl::index_sequence<>> : etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <size_t... Indices>
  struct index_sequence_is_empty<etl::index_sequence<Indices...>> : etl::false_type
  {
  };
 
  #if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename... TTypes>
  inline constexpr bool index_sequence_is_empty_v = index_sequence_is_empty<TTypes...>::value;
  #endif
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct coordinate_2d
  {
    coordinate_2d()
      : x(T(0))
      , y(T(0))
    {
    }
 
    coordinate_2d(T x_, T y_)
      : x(x_)
      , y(y_)
    {
    }
 
    friend bool operator==(const coordinate_2d& lhs, const coordinate_2d& rhs)
    {
      return (lhs.x == rhs.x) && (lhs.y == rhs.y);
    }
 
    friend bool operator!=(const coordinate_2d& lhs, const coordinate_2d& rhs)
    {
      return !(lhs == rhs);
    }
 
    T x;
    T y;
  };
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
 
  //*************************
  struct in_place_t
  {
    explicit ETL_CONSTEXPR in_place_t() {}
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  inline constexpr in_place_t in_place{};
#endif
 
  //*************************
  template <typename T>
  struct in_place_type_t
  {
    explicit ETL_CONSTEXPR in_place_type_t() {}
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr in_place_type_t<T> in_place_type{};
#endif
 
  //*************************
  template <size_t Index>
  struct in_place_index_t
  {
    explicit ETL_CONSTEXPR in_place_index_t() {}
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <size_t Index>
  inline constexpr in_place_index_t<Index> in_place_index{};
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*************************************************************************
  // A function wrapper for free/global functions.
  // Deprecated.
  // See etl::function_ptr_as_functor for a runtime time wrapper option.
  // See etl::function_as_functor for a compile time wrapper option.
  //*************************************************************************
  template <typename TReturn, typename... TParams>
  class ETL_DEPRECATED functor
  {
  public:
 
    //*********************************
    //*********************************
    constexpr functor(TReturn (*ptr_)(TParams...))
      : ptr(ptr_)
    {
    }
 
    //*********************************
    //*********************************
    constexpr TReturn operator()(TParams... args) const
    {
      return ptr(etl::forward<TParams>(args)...);
    }
 
  private:

    TReturn (*ptr)(TParams...);
  };
 
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wrap a member function with a static free function.
  // Creates a static member function that calls the specified member function.
  // Deprecated
  // See etl::member_function_as_static
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  class member_function_wrapper;
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename... TParams>
  class ETL_DEPRECATED member_function_wrapper<TReturn(TParams...)>
  {
  public:
 
    template <typename T, T& Instance, TReturn (T::*Method)(TParams...)>
    static constexpr TReturn function(TParams... params)
    {
      return (Instance.*Method)(etl::forward<TParams>(params)...);
    }
  };
 
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wrap a functor with a static free function.
  // Creates a static member function that calls the specified functor.
  // Deprecated
  // See etl::functor_as_static
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  class functor_wrapper;
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename... TParams>
  class functor_wrapper<TReturn(TParams...)>
  {
  public:
 
    template <typename TFunctor, TFunctor& Instance>
    static constexpr TReturn function(TParams... params)
    {
      return Instance(etl::forward<TParams>(params)...);
    }
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wraps a functor with a static free function at compile time.
  // Creates a static member 'call' that calls the specified functor.
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <auto& Instance>
  struct functor_as_static
  {
    template <typename... TArgs>
    static constexpr auto call(TArgs&&... args)
    {
      return (Instance.operator())(etl::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
    }
  };
 
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wraps a member function with a static free function at compile time.
  // Creates a static member 'call' that calls the specified member function.
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <auto Method, auto& Instance>
  struct member_function_as_static
  {
    template <typename... TArgs>
    static constexpr auto call(TArgs&&... args)
    {
      return (Instance.*Method)(etl::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
    }
  };
 
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wraps a member function with a functor at compile time.
  // Creates a functor that calls the specified member function.
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <auto Method, auto& Instance>
  class member_function_as_functor
  {
  public:
 
    template <typename... TArgs>
    constexpr auto operator()(TArgs&&... args) const -> decltype((Instance.*Method)(etl::forward<TArgs>(args)...))
    {
      return (Instance.*Method)(etl::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
    }
  };
 
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wraps a function with a functor at compile time.
  // Creates a functor that calls the specified free function.
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <auto Function>
  class function_as_functor
  {
  public:
 
    template <typename... TArgs>
    constexpr auto operator()(TArgs&&... args) const -> decltype(Function(etl::forward<TArgs>(args)...))
    {
      return Function(etl::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
    }
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wraps a function pointer with a functor at run time.
  // Creates a functor that calls the specified free function.
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  class function_ptr_as_functor;
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  class function_ptr_as_functor<TReturn(TArgs...)>
  {
  public:
 
    //*********************************
    //*********************************
    constexpr function_ptr_as_functor(TReturn (*ptr_)(TArgs...))
      : ptr(ptr_)
    {
    }
 
    //*********************************
    //*********************************
    constexpr TReturn operator()(TArgs... args) const
    {
      return ptr(etl::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
    }
 
  private:

    TReturn (*ptr)(TArgs...);
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17 && !defined(ETL_FORCE_CPP11_NONTYPE)
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wraps a non-type template parameter as a type.
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <auto Value>
  struct nontype_t
  {
    static constexpr decltype(Value) value = Value;
  };
#elif ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Wraps a non-type template parameter as a type.
  //*****************************************************************************
  template <typename T, T Value>
  struct nontype_t
  {
    static constexpr T value = Value;
  };
#endif
} // namespace etl
 
#endif